{"id":768,"date":"2020-09-26T17:16:50","date_gmt":"2020-09-26T15:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/?page_id=768"},"modified":"2020-10-03T12:53:38","modified_gmt":"2020-10-03T10:53:38","slug":"the-wafer-tumbler-design","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/the-wafer-tumbler-design\/","title":{"rendered":"The Wafer-tumbler design"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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African wooden lock<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The wafer tumbler design appears in 1868 with the invention of Philo S. Felter which is very inspired by wooden lock made in North Africa, Scotland or by Vikings in the 8th century AD. (N\u00b0 76,066<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les premiers syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 paillettes apparaissent en 1868 avec l’invention de Philo S. Felter qui s’inspira beaucoup des anciennes serrures de bois fabriqu\u00e9es en Afrique du Nord, en \u00c9cosse ou encore par les Vikings au 8\u00e8me si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s J.C-. (N\u00b0 76,066)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N\u00b0 76,066<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Wafer sliding motion<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Felter patents a lock used a cylindrical plug with a longitudinal groove. Wafers are made in copper flat sheet on which, in one side, an opening is made for the inserting of the key and, in the other side, two notches to block the plug. When no key is inserted, all wafers fall by gravity into a longitudinal groove made in the shell bore corresponding to the groove made in the plug. Wafers protude out of the plug and block its rotation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The design of the key made of sheet metal, recalls that of Linus Yale Jr patented 3 years early in 1865. A double-bitted key can operate tumblers with a double-ramp bitting allowing to slide all wafers until the key stops. When the correct key is inserted, all wafers fit the plug which is free to rotate. On the other hand, if a incorrect key is inserted, wafers protude and the plug is also blocked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Felter d\u00e9pose un brevet pour une serrure utilisant un rotor cylindrique avec une rainure longitudinale d\u00e9bouchante. Les paillettes sont fabriqu\u00e9es dans de fines plaquettes de cuivre qui, d’un c\u00f4t\u00e9, poss\u00e8dent une ouverture pour le passage de la clef et, de l’autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, deux encoches pour bloquer le rotor. Quand aucune clef n’est ins\u00e9r\u00e9e, toutes les paillettes tombent par gravit\u00e9 dans une rainure longitudinale pratiqu\u00e9e dans l’al\u00e9sage du stator. Les paillettes d\u00e9passent du rotor et bloquent sa rotation.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le concept de la clef d\u00e9coup\u00e9e en fine t\u00f4le d\u2019acier rappelle celui de Linus Yale Jr brevet\u00e9 3 ans plus t\u00f4t en 1865. La clef \u00e0 double taillage permet de faire coulisser les paillettes jusqu’\u00e0 ce qu’elle soit ins\u00e9r\u00e9 jusqu’en but\u00e9e. Quand la bonne clef est ins\u00e9r\u00e9e, toutes les paillettes \u00e9pousent la circonf\u00e9rence du rotor qui est ainsi libre de tourner. Par contre, si la clef n’est pas la bonne, les paillettes sortent de leur logement et le rotor est \u00e0 nouveau bloqu\u00e9.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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N\u00b099,013<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Terminology<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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In 1870, H. S. Shepardson improve the felter’s wafer design in his patent (N\u00b0 99,013<\/em>). The wafer still made in sheet metal by stamping process but instead of having a side opening for the insertion of the key, a central rectangular cutout will have the same function. Each wafers are spring-loaded with a coil spring which eject the tumbler at the bottom of shell’s groove. The key, unlike of Felter’design, consist of a single-bitted key like a Yale key. The wafer is still used in this economic form today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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En 1870, H. S. Shepardson am\u00e9liore le concept de Felter dans son brevet (N\u00b0 99,013). La paillette reste fabriqu\u00e9e dans de la t\u00f4le par poinconnage mais au lieu d’avoir une d\u00e9coupe lat\u00e9rale pour le passage de la clef, c’est une poche rectangulaire qui aura la m\u00eame fonction. Chaque paillette a son ressort de compression qui l’\u00e9jecte au fond la rainure pratiqu\u00e9e dans le stator. la clef, contrairement \u00e0 celle de Felter, est constitu\u00e9 d’une seul d\u00e9coupe similaire \u00e0 celle de Yale. De nos jour, la paillette demeure utilis\u00e9e sous cette forme \u00e9conomique.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Modern wafer lock based on Shepardson’s design.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Modern wafer lock mechanism<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The wafer tumbler design appears in 1868 with the invention of Philo S. Felter which is very inspired by wooden lock made in North Africa, Scotland or by Vikings in the 8th century AD. (N\u00b0 76,066) Les premiers syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 paillettes apparaissent en 1868 avec l’invention de Philo S. Felter qui s’inspira beaucoup des anciennes…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-768","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/768"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=768"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/768\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":837,"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/768\/revisions\/837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}