{"id":530,"date":"2020-09-19T11:43:18","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T09:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/?p=530"},"modified":"2020-12-10T11:13:36","modified_gmt":"2020-12-10T10:13:36","slug":"analysis-of-a-zeiss-ikon-system-m","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/2020\/09\/19\/analysis-of-a-zeiss-ikon-system-m\/","title":{"rendered":"Analysis of a ZEISS IKON System-M"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Origin & development<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Front view<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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ZEISS IKON System-M<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The ZEISS IKON System-M cylinder is a clone of the EVVA MCS, a new lock concept based on a technology of magnetic rotors using permanent magnets. The M<\/strong>agnetic C<\/strong>ode S<\/strong>ystem (MCS<\/strong>) was developed from 1975 to 1982 and patented in 1975 (N\u00b0347,284) by an Austrian company EVVA WERKE. The development has been performed jointly by EVVA and ZEISS IKON in collaboration with the technical university of Vienna (1). A MCS\u2019s trademark was registered in 1981 which will mark the launch of production in 1982. Around the eighties, ZEISS IKON will produce it under license with slight differences in the lock contruction and its assembly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le cylindre ZEISS IKON Syst\u00e8me-M est une copie de l’EVVA MCS, un nouveau concept de serrure bas\u00e9 sur une technologie de rotors magn\u00e9tiques munis d’aimants permanents. Le syst\u00e8me de codage magn\u00e9tique (MCS) a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 de 1975 \u00e0 1982 et brevet\u00e9 en 1975 (N\u00b0347,284<\/em>) par l’entreprise Autrichienne EVVA WERKE. Son d\u00e9veloppement a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 conjointement par EVVA et ZEISS IKON avec la collaboration de l’Universit\u00e9 Technique de Vienne (1). La marque MCS est enregistr\u00e9e en 1981 qui lancera sa commercialisation d\u00e8s 1982. Au cours des ann\u00e9es 80, ZEISS IKON la fabriquera sous licence avec de l\u00e9g\u00e8res diff\u00e9rences dans sa construction et son assemblage.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Austrian patent N\u00b0347,284<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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German patent N\u00b08,223,235<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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What’s inside ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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First generation of ZEISS IKON System<\/em>-M<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Plug with the passive key control system<\/em> and the retaining ball’s housing.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The first generation contains 8 magnetic rotors with its permanent magnets, 8 stainless steel balls and 1 retaining ball allowing to prevent the withdrawn of the key during the rotation. An additional ball bearing fixe the locking ring on contact with two sidebars. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration contient 8 rotors munis de leur aimants permanents, 8 billes en inox et une bille afin d’emp\u00eacher le retrait de la clef pendant la rotation. Une bille suppl\u00e9mentaire verrouille l’anneau de blocage en contact avec deux barres lat\u00e9rales. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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How it works ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Global view<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Sidebar’s mechanism<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Magnetic rotor’s motion<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

When the correct key is inserted, all balls fits the plug and all magnetic rotors gates are aligned. The plug turn about 30\u00b0 and sidebars contacts the locking ring. In its rotation and under the effect of its springs, sidebars slide forward on contact with locking ring. When you turn back the key, sidebars slide backward and the retaining ball allows to index the plug in locked position. The key can be withdraw and all magnetic rotors are scrambled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Quand la bonne clef est ins\u00e9r\u00e9e, toutes les billes \u00e9pousent le rotor et toutes les encoches des rotors magn\u00e9tiques sont align\u00e9es. Le rotor tourne d’environ 30\u00b0 et les barres lat\u00e9rales entrent en contact avec l’anneau de blocage. Dans sa rotation et sous l’effet de leur ressort, les barres lat\u00e9rales glissent sur l’anneau de blocage et se d\u00e9placent longitudinalement vers l’avant. Quand on tourne la clef en sens contraire, les barres lat\u00e9rales glissent d’avant en arri\u00e8re et la bille permet d’indexer le rotor en position de verrouillage . La clef peut \u00eatre retir\u00e9e et brouille la combinaisons des rotors magn\u00e9tiques.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Rotor’s gates are aligned<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Magnetic Coding System (MCS)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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After 7 years of research, Mr Kirchmayr, Mr Gr\u00f6ssinger, Mr Voytjech, Mr Lanik and Mr Reumann of institute for experimental physics in Technical University of Vienna have been worked on the MCS’s project. Through a series of experiments, they succeeded in establishing the magnetization process for the magnetic code of the key. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The key contains 4 magnets of 4mm in diameter and 2.2mm in thickness which based on samarium-cobalt permanent magnets. All surface of these magnets is magnetically coded differently on both side and can use 8 directions (2). The key blank is made by stamping and key’s grooves are milled using special profiled mills. All non-magnetized magnets are inserted one by one into their housings and are magnetically encoded one after the other so as not to disturb the magnetic field of the neighboring magnet (3). Then key magnets are stamped by a special device (N\u00b0365,712).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Apr\u00e8s 7 ann\u00e9es de recherche, Mr Kirchmayr, Mr Gr\u00f6ssinger, Mr Voytjech, Mr Lanik and Mr Reumann de l’institut de physique exp\u00e9rimentale de l’Universit\u00e9 Technique de Vienne ont travaill\u00e9 sur ce projet. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une s\u00e9rie d’exp\u00e9rimentation, ils ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 \u00e9tablir un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de magn\u00e9tisation pour le codage magn\u00e9tique de la clef.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La clef est compos\u00e9e de 4 aimants de 4mm de diam\u00e8tre et 2.2mm d’\u00e9paisseur \u00e0 base d’un m\u00e9lange de samarium et de cobalt. Chaque face de ces aimants a un codage magn\u00e9tique diff\u00e9rents des deux cot\u00e9s et peut s’orienter selon 8 directions d\u00e9finis (2). L’\u00e9bauche de la clef est d\u00e9coup\u00e9e \u00e0 la presse et les rainures longitudinales sont usin\u00e9es \u00e0 l’aide d’une fraise-scie profil\u00e9e.<\/em> Tout les aimants non-magn\u00e9tis\u00e9s sont ins\u00e9r\u00e9s un par un dans leur logement et sont cod\u00e9s magn\u00e9tiquement les uns apr\u00e8s les autres de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ne pas perturber le champ magn\u00e9tique de l’aimant voisin (3). Puis ils sont mat\u00e9s \u00e0 la presse hydraulique avec un outillage sp\u00e9cifique (N\u00b0365,712)<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Key with 4 samarium-cobalt permanent magnets.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Special stamping device (Austrian patent N\u00b0365,712)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Magnetic rotor with its two parts<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Austrian patent N\u00b0371,194<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The rotor is made in two parts, a little stainless steel capsule in which is glued a permanent magnet. A groove is machining with the angle corresponding to the 8 different orientations (N\u00b0371,194). This configuration offers 8^8 = 16,777,216 keys<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Le rotor est constitu\u00e9 de deux parties, une petite capsule en inox dans laquelle est coll\u00e9 un aimant permanent. La rainure est usin\u00e9e avec un angle correspondant aux 8 diff\u00e9rentes orientations (N\u00b0371,194).<\/em> Cette configuration offre 8^8 = 16,777,216 clefs.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Angular restriction (Austrian patent 363,336)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The friction of the magnetic rotor against its housing is the main problem in this new system. Even if the quality of a traditionnal pin-tumbler lock cylinder is well made, the magnetic rotors are no contact with the key and must interact with magnetic field of the key’s magnets allowing to rotate them accurately. After many experiments, it has been determined that an angular defect of 5\u00b0 must be taken in account to define the number of combination for one rotor (N\u00b0363,336). For this reason, only 8 orientation can be possible (2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La friction du rotor magn\u00e9tique contre son logement est le principal probl\u00e8me de ce nouveau syst\u00e8me. M\u00eame si la qualit\u00e9 d’un cylindre \u00e0 goupille traditionnel est de bonne facture, les rotors magn\u00e9tiques n’ont aucun contact avec la clef et doivent interagir avec le champ magn\u00e9tique des aimants de la clef afin de les orienter de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9cise. Apr\u00e8s de nombreuses exp\u00e9rimentations, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9termin\u00e9 qu’un d\u00e9faut de 5\u00b0 devait \u00eatre pris en compte pour d\u00e9finir le nombre de combinaisons pour un rotor (N\u00b0363,336). Pour ces raisons, seulement 8 orientations sont possibles (2).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Magnetization process<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Austrian patent N\u00b0357,656<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Magnetization and material’s choice are the key in this new technology. The key must comply with the key copy protection, a high number of keys and a good wear resistance. To counter the friction, the magnetic rotors must rotate with enought torque to align its gates accurately. In the other hand, the key’s magnet must be stable against demagnetization. That is why the choice of the material turned towards the samarium-cobalt alloy. Its excellent coercivity improves protection against key counterfeiting because it is impossible to demagnetize. A magnetization process was designed By Mr Franz Reumann allowing to orient the magnetic field independently of the two sides of the permanent magnet (N\u00b0357,656).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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La magn\u00e9tisation et le choix du mat\u00e9riau sont la clef de cette nouvelle technologie. La clef doit r\u00e9pondre aux normes par une r\u00e9sistance contre la copie des clefs, un nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de combinaisons de clefs et une bonne r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l’usure. Pour contrer la friction, les rotors magn\u00e9tiques doivent tourner avec suffisamment de couple pour aligner leur encoche de mani\u00e8re pr\u00e9cise. C’est pour cela que le choix du mat\u00e9riau s’est orient\u00e9 vers un alliage de samarium et de cobalt. Son excellente coercivit\u00e9 am\u00e9liore la protection contre la contrefa\u00e7on des clefs car elle est impossible \u00e0 d\u00e9magn\u00e9tiser. Le proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de magn\u00e9tisation a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u par Mr Franz Reumann permettant d’orienter le champ magn\u00e9tique ind\u00e9pendamment des deux faces de l’aimant permanent (N\u00b0357,656).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Key control system<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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Key control system when the retaining ball is set.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

This system using a serie of balls prevents the rotation of the plug without the correct key. When a key is inserted, balls slide on the key’s wings and fall in its corresponding cuts. If it’s wrong key, balls protude out in the groove made in the shell and the plug can’t rotate. We have two different diameters on 8 positions for this first generation of the “System-M” which can offer 2^8 = 256 permutations. The result is an astronomic number of theoritical combinations of (8^8)*256 = 4,294,967,296 combinations for only one keyway !!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ce syst\u00e8me utilisant une s\u00e9rie de billes emp\u00eache la rotation du rotor sans la bonne clef. Quand une clef est ins\u00e9r\u00e9e, les billes glissent le long des ailettes de la clef et tombent dans des d\u00e9coupes sur la clef. Si la clef ne poss\u00e8de pas ces d\u00e9coupes, les billes restent log\u00e9es dans la rainure pratiqu\u00e9e dans le stator et le rotor ne peut \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9. Nous pouvons distinguer deux diam\u00e8tres de billes sur 8 positions pour cette premi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration du “Syst\u00e8me-M” permettant d’offrir 2^8 = 256 permutations.<\/em> Le r\u00e9sultat est une capacit\u00e9 combinatoire th\u00e9orique astronomique de (8^8)*256 = 4,294,967,296 combinaisons pour un seul profil de clef!!<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A special thank you to my friend Cinok for landing me this beautiful cylinder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cocolitos<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(1) “Stasi Secret Service Tools: Die geheimen Schloss\u00f6ffnungswerkzeuge der Abteilung VIII”, O. Diederichsen, 2018, p226-227.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) “A high quality magnetic lock system for very grand masterkey systems”, H.R. Kirchmayr and R. Gr\u00f6ssinger, Technical University of Vienna, 1982.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) German patent N\u00b0 2,830,743<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Origin & development The ZEISS IKON System-M cylinder is a clone of the EVVA MCS, a new lock concept based on a technology of magnetic rotors using permanent magnets. The Magnetic Code System (MCS) was developed from 1975 to 1982 and patented in 1975 (N\u00b0347,284) by an Austrian company EVVA WERKE. The development has been…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-530","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/530"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=530"}],"version-history":[{"count":198,"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/530\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1164,"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/530\/revisions\/1164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=530"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=530"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lockanalyst.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=530"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}